sum

sum(x: array, /, *, axis: int | Tuple[int, ...] | None = None, dtype: dtype | None = None, keepdims: bool = False) → array

Calculates the sum of the input array x.

Parameters:

  • x (array) – input array. Should have a numeric data type.

  • axis (Optional[Union[int, Tuple[int, ...]]]) – axis or axes along which sums must be computed. By default, the sum must be computed over the entire array. If a tuple of integers, sums must be computed over multiple axes. Default: None.

  • dtype (Optional[dtype]) –

    data type of the returned array. If None,

    • if the default data type corresponding to the data type “kind” (integer, real-valued floating-point, or complex floating-point) of x has a smaller range of values than the data type of x (e.g., x has data type int64 and the default data type is int32, or x has data type uint64 and the default data type is int64), the returned array must have the same data type as x.

    • if x has a real-valued floating-point data type, the returned array must have the default real-valued floating-point data type.

    • if x has a complex floating-point data type, the returned array must have the default complex floating-point data type.

    • if x has a signed integer data type (e.g., int16), the returned array must have the default integer data type.

    • if x has an unsigned integer data type (e.g., uint16), the returned array must have an unsigned integer data type having the same number of bits as the default integer data type (e.g., if the default integer data type is int32, the returned array must have a uint32 data type).

    If the data type (either specified or resolved) differs from the data type of x, the input array should be cast to the specified data type before computing the sum. Default: None.

    Note

    keyword argument is intended to help prevent data type overflows.

  • keepdims (bool) – if True, the reduced axes (dimensions) must be included in the result as singleton dimensions, and, accordingly, the result must be compatible with the input array (see Broadcasting). Otherwise, if False, the reduced axes (dimensions) must not be included in the result. Default: False.

Returns:

out (array) – if the sum was computed over the entire array, a zero-dimensional array containing the sum; otherwise, an array containing the sums. The returned array must have a data type as described by the dtype parameter above.

Notes

Special Cases

Let N equal the number of elements over which to compute the sum.

  • If N is 0, the sum is 0 (i.e., the empty sum).

For both real-valued and complex floating-point operands, special cases must be handled as if the operation is implemented by successive application of add().

Changed in version 2022.12: Added complex data type support.